Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)

Colon cancer is one of the most crucial conditions affecting thousands of people worldwide. Among many other available diagnostic tools that aid early detection, one of the most effective tools for colon cancer detection is the Fecal Immunochemical Test, commonly known as FIT.

This article will, therefore, explain what FIT is, who needs it, how it works, and, most importantly, why it is so essential for preventive healthcare.

What is the Fecal Immunochemical Test?

Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) is a noninvasive and simple screening test that detects occult blood in stool. Blood in the stool can indicate several conditions, such as polyps or even colorectal cancer. FIT uses polyclonal antibodies that specifically react with human hemoglobin, the protein within red blood cells.

Who Requires FIT?

Specific populations require FIT testing at least once in the course of regular health check-ups:

• Adults Age 45 and above: The American Cancer Society guidelines state that average-risk adults should begin screening for colon cancer from age 45.
• Those with a First-Degree Relative: Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps begin their screening at an earlier age, ten years before the year of diagnosis of their relative.
• Family Health History: Candidates with a family history of inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis, must undergo FIT more frequently.
• Clients with Symptoms: If someone has the following should visit a healthcare provider and may require undergoing the FIT and other tests:
  • Weight loss
  • Altered bowel habits
  • Abdominal discomfort

How does FIT work?

The use of FIT is simple.

1. Patients will collect a fecal sample at home using a special FIT kit their doctor makes available.
2. They will send that sample to a laboratory, where healthcare professionals will analyze it for the presence or absence of blood.

Along with FIT, several other tests provide a holistic overview of a patient’s health.

• Urinalysis: It refers to urine testing that analyzes how well the kidneys are working, hydration levels, and whether an infection has developed or some metabolic disorders.
• Creatinine Test: A creatinine test checks the level of creatinine in the blood by assessing renal and kidney function.
• Complete blood count (CBC) helps ascertain anemia or infections. These tests make it possible for physicians to have a clearer view of what might be happening in terms of general health, and they could identify potential issues.

Benefits of FIT

• Noninvasive: FIT is noninvasive because it is painless and, therefore, comfortable for the patient.
• Easy to Use: It includes a home collection process, meaning one person can complete the test conveniently.
• Accurate: Research shows that FIT has successfully identified colorectal cancers and large polyps, making it a reliable test tool.
• No Preparation Needed: Since no bowel preparation is required and patients are not compelled to change their diet, people are encouraged as with most other screening methods.

FAQs

What is a Positive Fecal Immunochemical Test?

A positive FIT result implies the presence of blood in the stool and may be associated with a disease in the gastrointestinal tract.

What is the difference between FIT and FOBT?

FIT and FOBT tests are screening tests for colorectal cancer but vary in many respects.

• Specificity: Only FIT detects human hemoglobin, while the FOBT may detect human and non-human blood.
• Dietary Restrictions: No dietary manipulation is necessary for using FIT, whereas for implementing FOBT, patients should avoid certain food items and drugs that may interfere with its result.
• Ease of Use: FIT is more convenient for patients because it simply requires a procedure for the collection process with less restriction.

Is a FIT Test as Good as a Colonoscopy?

A FIT test is a good screening tool but not a colonoscopy substitute. FIT is an appropriate initial test to detect potential problems. Still, a colonoscopy gives a more comprehensive assessment of the colon besides being used to obtain biopsies or remove polyps.

Schedule Your FIT at Medi Linx Laboratory!

FIT provides an innocent and straightforward means of testing for a person who fears coming to the doctor’s office regarding cancer screening in one’s colons. If you or a family member wants to schedule a screening for colon cancer, book a FIT at Medi Linx Laboratory at our Laboratory in Quezon City. Our caring Medical Laboratory Scientists will make the screening procedure effortless and offer quality care. Step forward today for your health!